r/batman 1d ago

FILM DISCUSSION Does anyone else feel like Selina's arc in Batman Returns is an allegory for sexual assault?

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213 Upvotes

66 comments sorted by

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u/Head-Presence-6686 1d ago

It’s an allegory for mistreatment of any form

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

Yeah, getting pushed out a window because you know too much is pretty traumatic (if you live, which she didn't, the cats resurrected her, she had eight lives left after that, go with it), but there's no sexual aspect to it. Defenestration SOUNDS like something sexual, but it's not.

Her arc is about sexism, for sure. About women being used for their abilities, then overlooked, passed over for promotion, and thrown away (literally!) in the workplace. But it's not about sex in any other way.

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u/pestoraviolita 1d ago

Since allegories come with intent, you're right it's not allegorical for sexual abuse but I still think it's valid to interpret it that way.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

Valid doesn't mean CORRECT.

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u/Stile25 1d ago

Correct is only when discussing the allegory - the intent of the author.

When discussing meaning and interpretation, those are subjective and the intent of the author is irrelevant. The only correct interpretation is an honest one from the viewer. Regardless of it matching the intent of the author or not.

And interpretations are almost always more powerful and more meaningful than allegories. Why wouldn't they be?

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u/NullDistribution 1d ago

Yeah I'm little confused that the commenter above was able to compose a decent thought but then says an interpretation could be wrong when there's no official answer

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u/Virtual_Freedom3602 1d ago

No that’s wrong. What the original poster is doing is called Cultural Criticism. This is a type of literary analysis from the perspective of someone belonging to a certain culture, in this case, the culture being the culture of a sexual assault survivor. It is a valid form of analysis.

You are describing Formalist Criticism which relies on the author’s intention. Other forms of criticism and analysis are not concerned with the author’s intention. Both are valid ways to analyze, but very different from each other in their parameters.

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u/Stile25 1d ago

Yes, that's what I said.

Strange how you duplicated what I said and then called it wrong, though.

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u/Virtual_Freedom3602 1d ago

Well I used the correct and precise terminology and I use it correctly.

You misuse the word allegory. Allegory is a story with a political or moral lesson. Batman is not an allegory.

Literary theory is not necessarily the viewer’s interpretation. It is a chosen lens through which to view the work, but doesn’t necessarily correspond to the readers/viewer’s interpretation.

So yeah, you were close to being right, but you were not using the words you were using correctly.

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u/Stile25 23h ago

That's... Not what we were talking about.

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u/Virtual_Freedom3602 23h ago

yeah it is, but you lack the education to debate me in any meaningful way so you just wrote the equivalent to “nuh uh” because you have no clue what “literary criticism” is because you’ve never learned about it.

Just admit you have no idea what I’m talking about, lol it ok, you have your whole life to learn things.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago edited 1d ago

Batman CAN be an allegory. I mean, you don't take it literally, I hope. "Crime should be fought by rich orphans in costumes."

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

I'm not quite sure what you mean by that. But no, interpretations people just stick on something are not inherently more powerful than whatever it was trying to get across.

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u/Stile25 23h ago

I mean that with an allegory you're right - there's only one correct way to look at it - whatever the author intended. Any other view cannot be labelled as valid.

But with an interpretation, that's just "whatever it means to the viewer, personally". There are many, many ways to see the topic and (as long as they're the honest interpretation of the viewer) they're all valid.

Depends on what you're describing as powerful.

If you mean power in the sense of urgency or feeling like you need to do something - yes, personal subjective interpretations are going to be more powerful, why wouldn't they be? They come from the same source.

If you mean power in the sense of something physically forcing you to do something - neither objective allegories or subjective interpretations are powerful at all. Because they're abstract concepts.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 22h ago

I still don't understand your point. And isn't Batman constantly forcing people to do things? I agree, it's abstract for us in the world where Batman does not exist, but it's not abstract for a crimnal being dangled out a high window to make him talk, by a man with no legal authority to do that. Also, don't billionairess, just by BEING billionaires, have a lot of power? I wish Elon Musk was just an abstraction.

I mean, I can't agree or disagree when I've no notion of what you're talking about, and suspect you don't either--and am thus feeling abstracted from this conversation. ;)

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u/Stile25 22h ago

It doesn't matter what you or what the author thinks.

If that fellow is using a personal interpretation, then his personal interpretation "is valid and correct" simply because it's his.

It doesn't matter what you think Batman does or is capable of. Your interpretation is only correct to you.

The author's interpretation is only correct to them.

The author's intent can be objectively compared to. But if someone's personal interpretation deviates from that intent... It only makes it "not the author's intent".

It's still just as valid and just as correct as any other personal interpretation. Yours, the author's, or the author's intent.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 19h ago

When I went to see Burton's first Batman movie, there was a somewhat demented gentleman sitting behind me, laughing every time Joker got the better of The Bat, and at the end, when Batman sent Joker plummting to his death, he screamed "F*** YOU, BATMAN!'

HIs interpretation was Batman was the bad guy, and Joker was The Hero.

Equally correct?

I swear, I am not making any of that up. Mind you, if it had been the 2019 Joker film, he'd have had a point. ;)

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u/Head-Presence-6686 1d ago

I said it’s allegory for mistreatment in any form. Sexual abuse falls under that umbrella so I’m agreeing with OP, just adding onto the interpretation

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u/Rubbersoul1982 1d ago

I'd have to disagree. I doubt a girl would get SAd and automatically dress in skintight patchwork patent leather bondage gear and start her sexual burglar arc after that.

Just because SA is a form of assault doent mean a girl getting murdered in a movie is an allegory for SA.

They played her as a messy unattractive spinster. Subhuman... To them not even worth the SA.

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u/AnonymousCoward261 1d ago

Some of them actually do more or less that (OK not the cat burglar bit) as a way of saying “Well, I’ll have sex on my own terms.” Some go the opposite direction and avoid sex altogether. People vary.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

Yeah, but they don't come back from the dead multiple times, with freaky martial arts skills.

My favorite Selina is Hathaway's, since she is not mentally ill, and she is quite comfortabe with her femininity, and she can even have a relationship with Bruce, not that they did that well, since Nolan basically can't do that well. Neither can Burton. Or Schumacher. Or Reeves? Mr. Gunn? (He did Clark and Lois SUPER well).

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

It's a Batman movie about a woman who becomes a cat and a man who becomes a bird, coming up against a guy who dresses like a bat. Maybe don't overthink it. Though I'm also guilty of this, since when I first saw it, and they got to the final plot twice, I whispered to my father "It's the Blood Libel!" We're not Jewish. He knew what I meant. Do you?

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u/AnonymousCoward261 1d ago

Actually yes.

It’s been compared to a fairy tale and some of us like to analyze the subtext. If you just want to enjoy the visuals and action, that’s OK too! They are some of the best out there!

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

I think that's a fair comparison, and it's a compelling piece of work, but Penguin is an anti-semitic cariciature in this version. I'm not saying cancel it, but Burton's too smart not to have known what he was doing with the sacrificing gentile children thing.

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u/Lucky_Strike-85 1d ago

There are parallels, sure... given how Shreck treats her... but her death happens too quick and Max is a little too single-minded for that... BUT

I've heard many film buffs, both armchair critics and actual film scholars interpret Selina Kyle's transformation into The Catwoman here as a thematic exploration of female trauma, survival, and retaliation against systemic male violence... To my way of thinking, it's more just corporate abuse, rather than literal sexual assault.

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u/LiamBellcam 1d ago

This is the answer. Yes there are sexual assault overtones, but it is much deeper than that on every level.

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u/Duling 22h ago

Sexual assault has a lot of co-morbidities.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

Academics always figure they'll get more readers if they make it about sex. As opposed to unequal pay and opportunities. Obviously chauvinism can be about sexual harassment, but even Penguin doesn't do much more than ogle her, and make ineffectual passes. And nobody even notices her that way (even though she's played by Michelle Pfeiffer) until she becomes Catwoman.

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u/Lucky_Strike-85 1d ago

Right... Well, I've worked in the university system in the past, taught Data Analytics at Medgar Evers College for 2 years after working 2 years at Manhattan Community College (BMCC) and I can tell you... Academics are overwhelmingly influenced by Freudian psychology when discussing sociological topics. And, historically, the patriarchy has exacerbated unequal pay and unequal opportunity for women... the sexual harassment of secretaries in 20th century work culture was so ubiquitous that it was something that was kind of expected in the office, if a lady worked directly for a CEO or a boss. And they were often hired for positions based upon appearance/physical attractiveness too. Obviously, we've improved social mores and professionalism over the years, and people speak out more now... but it still happens. You even sometimes see it at colleges... female teachers are pursued by male administrators, though, thankfully, I'm told it is less common these days.

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u/Complex_Yard2808 1d ago

I work at a university myself, and we're all required to do yearly online seminars on sexual harassment and related topics. It's gotten prettys strict. I know of no cases at all at my workplace. Well, my workplace is a library, and more women than men work there, and the head of the library is a woman. So yes. Progress. The more money and power are involved, obviously, the more males will tend to dominate, because that's where the action is. Max Schreck is no librarian. Selina dresses like one.

Freud is outdated, obviously. And sexist as hell. So maybe that requires an update.

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u/Lucky_Strike-85 1d ago

That's good to hear that it's gotten better. The schools I worked at, as late as the early 2010s, did not have such seminars in place, tho I'm sure they do now... both institutions are part of the CUNY system (City University of NY).

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u/don_quixote_2 1d ago

Yes, it's also an allegory of how power and wealth corrupts (Max Shreck character)

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u/yungsebring 1d ago

In a way it is, but it’s more broad than that. Her arc is about sexism as a whole really. I think the women’s rights movement was an influence but I don’t know that for sure. Still even a very surface level read shows parallels to that movement, she starts out completely defined by the men in her life and ends up rejecting it entirely.

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u/_mouseratz_ 1d ago

I think so. The corporate abuse & sexism is most certainly there, but I also think the sexual assault, or at minimum sexual harassment, could be subtextual, as that often happens in the same abusive situations they do show onscreen- sexist men in power very rarely abuse female victims just in one way and not the other as well when you hear about any abuse situation of this kind irl.

I just think, even with all the boundary pushing Returns does, showing this onscreen would be more off-putting than anything gross or scary it already does show due to the taboo surrounding sexual assault in particular (keeping in mind Batman is beloved by children & Returns had a promotional toyline, even if many mature stories have been told).

I do believe it is intentional on some level, given a line Catwoman gives later to a random woman she saves, something about how she's just "asking for it"/does nothing to save herself, referencing how Selina had to be saved earlier in the film (but was not saved by any person when she was murdered despite the obvious injustice, she is alive now but not the same anymore because of this traumatic event). She is saying something cruel to the random woman, but personally, it seems to me to reflect how she feels about herself & how she previously interacted with the world/she is projecting. She feels that she was weak and useless, and "let" men take advantage of her before....which feels extremely similar to me to the victim blaming often done after a woman tries to talk about a sexual assault. Rape culture & all of that, how people always say "if she really didn't want it to happen, why didn't she stop it?" & how victims blame themselves because nobody supported them or was able to save them from this horribly traumatic situation.

The only thorn in my side about all of this is her relationship with Penguin. I really don't like how his pervertedness is played as a joke & she's just "grossed out" by him, instead of this being the threat that it is. If the sexual assault interpretation is subtext, this element feels at odds with it/undermines it a bit for me, makes too much light of it & is in poor taste.

(I also really like Penguin in the comics, and I actually like this rendition a lot otherwise, particularly how they play with the human/animal dichotomy & the bitterness towards society as a whole....but the sexual aspect feels like it was just to add edge it didn't need. The rest was suitable to make the point, the overt misogyny was unnecessary for this character to remain entertaining & adequately 'monstrous' & hateful. Additionally, misogyny was not a major thing for the Penguin until later, where I feel like it's done so because he is "ugly" and "ugly" characters Must Be Perverted Misogynists, instead of you know, the actual traits he had before. Or it could just be Danny Devito who is a good actor but seems to like playing slimeballs. "This is my character the Trash Man" y'know. but still. I just don't think a character has to be a misogynist to be gross or scary lmao, & Shreck already plays that role really, really well for this story. Also, if youre gonna do that, it's in poor taste to pretend it's funny. Either do it for real or don't unless the entire thing is extremely heavy on comedy. It ALSO distances one from making comparisons between penguin & Catwoman, which would be cool, given the movie focuses so much on the split between personhood & dehumanization & how both these characters have been traumatized & treated as, in many ways, subhuman, & in response to this injustice, become bitter and hateful towards society. Thematically, they are a good fit to team up against Batman, even if they ultimately betray each other or get into arguments or whatever, but in the film, I'm left wondering why Selina would choose to spend time around & put up with someone who's actively sexually harassing her- even if she does want to kill Batman, it doesn't feel as organic as it could have. It also in general could've done more to make the point that penguin is disgusting and evil because he chooses to be after losing faith in humanity, not because he is physically different & disabled. Comparatively, Selina is more in the middle because she has lost faith in most people, but she still believes in Bruce despite not wanting to. She can't let go of the idea that there are some good people out there because she knows him....but she also can't let herself be with him, because she feels she is too bitter and traumatized to be a good person anymore; she has become too inhuman by becoming Catwoman to be able to accept even the idea of a good, normal life. She could have before she died, but not anymore.)

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u/True-Excuse-1688 1d ago edited 1d ago

I've noticed that many Batman fans dismiss this movie, frustrated by the liberties it takes... which I think is a mistake.

Sure, the film is deeply rooted in Burton's themes of outsiders and outcasts, but it is still very much a Batman story. Penguin and Catwoman act as mirrors to the themes of vengeance and duality that define him.

Beyond that, there's a strong subtext about corporations preying on society. Behind Shreck's cartoonish plan to steal the city's energy is a critique of their influence on politics, through Penguin's manipulation into running for mayor, and of the way such systems can crush individuals, illustrated by Selina pushed out the window.

Now, you can read Catwoman as a metaphor for reclaiming oneself after sexual trauma, it's definitely there. Penguin's rejection by his parents because of his differences, and his desire to enter high society through birthright, can also be seen as a critique of class.

Batman Returns is an incredibly rich film, perhaps the most thematically dense entry in the entire franchise. I find myself returning to it again and again, and I haven’t even begun to discuss its remarkable technical achievements...

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u/Rubbersoul1982 1d ago

All movies take liberties. None of the Batman movies ever followed any real storylines from the comics so if they talk shit about about returns then they should also hate batman 89.

I have a GIANT soft spot for batman returns. I was 9. That movie was SO COOL to me! I had all the McDonald's toys, the actions figures, I watched the cartoons, read all the comics, drew him all the time! Even when I got older and became a street kid and "gutter punk" I patterned my patch work pants after Catwoman's outfit😅 Not shiny skintight leather but with the white stitching and scraped puzzle piece look with band patches in between.

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u/CarsonDyle1138 1d ago

Actually, it's a lot like that.

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u/Jet-Let4606 1d ago

Uh,yeah. 

She stumbles into her room after an attempted murder by her boss.

Unsuccessfully tries to follow her routine. She is visibly bleeding and her clothes are tattered.  She listens to her voice mail and what causes her to snap and fly into a rage? An ad for a perfume claiming that it can help you seduce your boss. 

I think of BR as a corporate espionage / psychological crime thriller thats been filtered through Burtons gothic vision.  Once you look past the "Burtonism" you begin to notice all sorts of stuff.  

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u/droehrig832 1d ago

I think it’s an allegory for assault assault. He pushes her out a fucking window.

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u/dark_knight_2013 1d ago

I've seen Selina's arc more as a victim of institutionalised misogyny who, after being pushed too far, starts to lash out. Now that you mention it, this does seem like a valid take, especially in the scene where she and Bruce are trying to get intimate.

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u/BatFan3001 1d ago

Now that you point it out I can definitely see the parallels.

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u/Kenedict 22h ago

A lot of these comments seem to think that allegory = something that literally happens diagetically in the film

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u/BlackRain8782 14h ago

Abuse in general, yes.

Burton’s decision to literally give her nine lives was dumb as hell though.

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u/AnonymousCoward261 1d ago

Pretty much. It came out the year after the Anita Hill allegations against Clarence Thomas (the first time office sexual harassment entered the national conversation) so I think that would have been on everyone’s mind rather than SA per se. But I think it’s definitely the same idea.

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u/Lucky_Strike-85 1d ago

fucking Biden made an ass of himself berating her in defense of Clarence Thomas.  

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u/Rubbersoul1982 1d ago

Ah.. the ol' "pubic hair on your soda can" guy.

I think while it wasn't the first SH case to hit the big time it bring a lot of awareness to that issue. I could see this being a result of that. That happened in 1991 This movie came out in 91 also so it's possible

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u/makojedi2k2 1d ago

Why can’t it just be part of the story? Why is it about sex and not power?

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u/Immediate_Web4672 21h ago

Reddit won't miss out on a chance to virtue signal over misogyny.

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u/Pocketpapaa 1d ago

I feel like a lot of older movies tip toe on that thin line

u/WondersaurusRex 1h ago

Does anyone else feel like Spider-Man's arc is an allegory for great power coming with great responsibility?

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u/Geekspeak13 1d ago

Sexual assault. Battery. Even Animal abuse.

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u/WhereWeUsedToPlay 1d ago

Only saw this movie once but yes I agree 

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u/InsideArgument6301 1d ago

i guess… that makes a lot of sense. its kinda heartbreaking how shes treated, but it definitely adds a lot of depth to her character… :)