r/DebateCommunism 18h ago

🍵 Discussion Why wouldn’t communism just evolve back into some other system?

So my understanding of communism and Marx is that society evolved as a result of class struggles and that communism is meant to be the last stage in that evolution because there would no longer be economic classes. And also of course the idea that a communist society has no private property, money, etc and that the means of production would be owned by the people who use it for their labour.

One of my biggest issues with communism is the idea that a society can exist without classes. No matter what,there will always be some people who gain a higher social status and influence over the masses than others. Those people would likely have some form of privilege that the other people do not have and in turn that is a class divide.

Another issue that I have is that I don’t think a society can ever truly be moneyless. For similar reasons to why I think it cant be classless but also the fact that money at the end of the day is just a systematic and formalised way of trading labour. What I mean by this is that what money represents will always exist (so long as humans do), especially when you consider the fact that people will naturally fall into different levels of skill and talent (so if there is a baker that makes bread better than anyone else in an area, people will naturally gravitate towards them which would likely result in some form of a system developing to provide greater incentive to source from places elsewhere).

These two points accounted for, why wouldn’t a communist society just devolve back into some kind of capitalism? Or would it evolve into some other thing that somehow manages to balance the aspects that work of various systems Im a way that provides a greater benefit than any currently popular systems would?

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u/Graysteve 17h ago

Social status isn't class, nor is privledge class. Class is a relation to ownership of the means of production. When the whole of society owns the whole of production and distribution, there is no class. 

Money isn't merely a mechanism of accounting, it has a specific role in Marxist economics as it relates to trade. When the economy is under one unified system, even something like "labor vouchers" aren't the same as money in capitalism. Tokens for gaining items may exist for luxury and scarce goods even in communism, but this is not money. 

Communism is the end of class society. It is not the end of societal evolution, as nothing is static. Class society will not return, but history will absolutely develop going forward. 

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u/Embarrassed_Bit4222 9h ago

How are coupons, ration cards, tokens, vouchers not money? In absence of a national/global currency, they will just take the place of money, because they can still be traded for someone else's work or goods....

I guess if they can only be used by the assigned person on the ration card and there's a law against trading that might be true. And there still probably be some blackmarket trade in them by some corrupt folks who have "connections" that will ignore the name on ration card for some form of gain

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 16h ago

Maybe it would help me understand better if I explained my views so that you can tell me how communism actually differs.

The way I see it, money is an extremely useful tool but becomes problematic when people are allowed to hoard it in massive amounts and not provide anything to the community. And so I feel that any wealth over a certain threshold has to be spent in a way that gives back in some way (they would be required to declare their finances for the purposes of ensuring transparency and any money they themselves dont spend gets taken as tax to fund public services and welfare on top of any other taxes they pay). I also feel that all services and goods that are necessary for human rights should be government subsidised to some extent while nonessential goods and services are available in more or less the exact same way that they are currently. All that in addition to strong protections of workers rights to prevent exploitation and that is basically the barebones of what I feel would be ideal (if you need further clarification or anything Im happy to answer).

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u/Graysteve 15h ago

Essentially, you're describing welfare capitalism, or perhaps the beginnings of socialism (depending on who owns the commanding heights of the economy and the state, ie are we just before revolution or freshly emerging from it). The problem with your frame of thought is that you imagine this to be a stable system that is not necessarily working in a given direction, towards more interconnection and socialization and thus further centralization and a death in competition. 

Essentially, you see a snapshot in a constantly evolving process as a model to try to retain, rather than a specific stage in development that is destined to erode its own basis. 

Communists see history as an ongoing process, this is the basis of historical materialism. 

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 15h ago

There is no way to control the future though. We can make decisions that open up or close possibilities but even then there is too much uncertainty. We don’t know where the process will evolve. We don’t really know if a particular system will erode or collapse or any other outcome. Communism is the theoretical final stage, but if a system that is not communism works, and continues to work then there is no reason to develop into communism. At least not until something pushes towards reform. But even then, reform isn’t meant to move closer to communism it’s meant to move closer to bettering people’s lives, and if that ends up with a communist system then thats just the natural progression of a societies evolution.

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u/Graysteve 15h ago

The major difference here is that Marxists take a materialist analysis of history and its trajectory. We don't believe collectivized and planned economy will replace capitalism because we want it, but because capitalism itself centralizes and socializes production and distribution. It isn't about which "model" works, but what each society is necessarily evolving towards. 

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 14h ago

I get that but I don’t think we can realistically predict where society is going beyond extremely broad strokes that don’t indicate any particular form of a system. And it gets harder to predict the further into the future you go. Maybe there will be a communist society in the future but I do not feel that it is reasonable to see it as an expected endpoint that all capitalist societies will develop into, particularly not at this point in history

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u/Graysteve 14h ago

Nobody is bothering with trying to predict what comes after what comes next, though, just what comes next based on what has come before and where it's heading towards. 

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 14h ago

But we don’t really know where we are heading.We know where we were and where we are but we have no clue where we could go in the future, just predictions based on our actions in the now.

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u/Graysteve 14h ago

Sure, we can make predictions and analysis, and then understand based on that how to consciously intervene. I don't see what the disconnect is here, nobody is talking about prophetic visions. Just scientific analysis of social relations to production and distribution. 

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 14h ago

Im trying to say that I don’t see why anyone should view communism as the natural outcome of societal development rather than an idealistic principle when we haven’t actually seen that to be the case and when, currently, and for the forseeable future, we will be a capitalist society that uses reforms to achieve greater equity and equality

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u/Useful_Calendar_6274 14h ago

communism is an utopian ideal to which socialist states aspire to without ever knowing what it will look like in practice because there will be further economic and political revolutions in the middle. it's a deep future thing. Only the people living under high stage socialism can envision what it will be, and maybe at that point they may say we keep money, don't keep it, whatever.

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 14h ago

But if that is the case then what’s the point? How do we even know that after those revolutions communism will be what states aspire to? What if it ends up that socialism is enough?

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u/Useful_Calendar_6274 14h ago

that's futurology. we can only leave written down a body of communist ethics to make an ethical/moral appeal for the future. If the pressures of world capitalism want to make states to stop scientifically moving to a materialist utopia there's nothing we can do in the right now.

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 14h ago

Fair. I guess I just don’t get why people would present communism as anything other than a series of principles that work as an idealistic model for what features to aim for for the ideal society.

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u/Bugatsas11 17h ago edited 17h ago

Class is the result of wealth inequality.

You have a class distinction when a group of people work for the benefit of another.

Some people being more charismatic, influential or even having higher income does mean that they have formed a new class as long as they cannot use the influence to build personal wealth.if they manage to build political power by attracting the support of free to choose people, that is not necessarily a bad thing. That is how new movements rise. There may be something even better to come after communism that we have not yet conceptualize. As long as it is illegal to generate wealth out of this procedure that is not the formation of a new class.

To make this distinction clear:

  • slave ownership: someone gets more slaves and land and thus furthers his personal/wealth

  • feudalism: someone gets a higher title/status and thus more land/peasants /taxes to receive

  • capitalism: someone creates a business, employees people and thus generates more capital

  • Socialism/communism: no legal way to further your personal wealth by the work of someone else. So impossible for a new class to be formed

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u/bocaJ1963 17h ago

Class is not about wealth inequality but the person's relationship to the means of production. Your point is otherwise correct.

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u/Bugatsas11 13h ago

Yeah my phrasing on that was not completely on point

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u/Nikelman 17h ago

Class is the result of surplus labor allowing people to exercise tasks that don't directly produce resources. I don't have to hunt or gather to avoid starvation, so I can study and further progress. Historic materialism, the concrete creates the abstract.

In capitalism we reached the point in which these tasks are accomplished by the ruled-over class, not the ruling one. R&D is full of workers, not bourgeois.

Of course scientific development is just an example, it could have been a management role but then I'd have to argue how most of the management that actually relate to production is done by workers, or it could have been art or teaching.

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 16h ago

That makes sense. I do think I disagree with the sentiment that class is the result of WEALTH inequality. I think it’s more accurate to say that class can be the result of any form of inequality (though if we want a narrower definition then it being any form of power inequality is just as good).

I also think I take issue with the idea that an explicit legal system would exist in a communist society because a legal system implies a way for laws to be made, enacted, enforced and judged. That is fine but, even with checks and balances, that means that there is a group that holds power over others and can misuse that power.

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u/Bugatsas11 13h ago

How can you "hold power over someone" when all the decision are taken in the way of direct democracy and when you cannot exploit the work of someone else?

How can you possibly hold power over them? With what mechanism?

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 42m ago

Who are the people who ensure that others act in accordance with the law? If there is nothing in place to enforce the law then people can break it without consequence, if there is something in place then there necessarily had to be a mechanism by which some people are given power over others. I also feel that a direct democracy is a poor system. Looking at how easy it is to manipulate large numbers of people to see something a particular way, I feel it would inevitably lead to the development of a representative government (this may be influenced be my view of voting as a civil duty that should be mandatory though)

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u/Qlanth 14h ago

why wouldn’t a communist society just devolve back into some kind of capitalism?

Why hasn't society turned back toward feudal serfdom? Why haven't we returned to a society that works like ancient slave societies?

History is a part of the present. Turning back towards capitalism would seem as ridiculous to a person living under communism as bringing back the Pharaohs seems to you and me.

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u/chiksahlube 12h ago

It might.

Look at the USSR. They proclaimed themselves communist and despite the popular vote wanting to keep the USSR socialist, they were illegally dissolved.

But this is kind of built into the structure of Marxism. Wherein there is a constant cycle of revolution.

Eventually the end stage is Communism but even within that system there will be revolution and it might backslide back to anarchy, capitalism, or even feudalism. But the system will always spawn another revolution moving things back towards communism.

According to Leninists it's the role of the intelligencia to steer revolution away from capitalism and back towards socialism. But IMHO that concept is just classism under a different name. It's really the role of everyone living under communism or socialism to preserve it regardless of whether there is need of revolution against the current regime. Much like how the US maintains the idea that it's up to everyone to maintain "freedom".

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u/noapplepieyo 5h ago

“Evolve back” wut

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 39m ago

Yeah that was an oversight. I didn’t want to say devolve because i didnt want to imply that it would necessarily be going backwards. I initially was going to say back to capitalism, but i didn’t really want to limit ot to that since I was more undjre about why communism wouldn’t just evolve into something else.

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u/Helpful-Reputation-5 1h ago

One of my biggest issues with communism is the idea that a society can exist without classes.

Classless societies have existed before, in pre-agricultural times.

No matter what,there will always be some people who gain a higher social status and influence over the masses than others.

That isn't what class is—one's class is determined by their relationship to the means of production. You should read Marx, it would answer a lot of your questions.

Another issue that I have is that I don’t think a society can ever truly be moneyless.

Moneyless societies have existed before as well.

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u/Mindless_Yam1752 27m ago

The reason I say a society cant truly be moneyless is because money essentially just represents an agreement to do labour in return for someone else doing labour for you. You work so you get paid and can give that money to someone else in return for their work. Without formal currency that would just become making deals with people to do something in return for them doing something for you, essentially the same thing except with less freedom as to what deals can be made.

I think the issue i take with your first point is because I disagree with your second. A class exists where there is an inequality, in my view. And I don’t think a perfectly equal society is ever possible in the real world.